William Wyler
| William Wyler | |
 Wyler with his Oscar |
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| Born | Wilhelm Weiller July 1, 1902(1902-07-01) Mülhausen, Alsace, Germany (now Mulhouse, Haut-Rhin, France) |
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| Died | July 27, 1981 (aged 79) Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Occupation | Director, Producer |
| Years active | 1925 - 1970 |
| Spouse(s) | Margaret Sullavan (1934-1936) Margaret Tallichet (1938-1981) |
William Wyler (July 1, 1902 – July 27, 1981) was a three-time Academy Award-winning motion picture director.
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Early life
Wyler was born Wilhelm Weiller to a Swiss father and a German mother, in Mulhouse in the French region of Alsace (then part of the German Empire). His father was [1] He was distantly related to Carl Laemmle, founder of Universal Pictures, through his mother Melanie (a cousin of Laemmle's). After realizing that Weiller was not interested in the family business of haberdashery and suffering through a terrible year working at 100000 CHEMISES in Paris after World War I, Melanie contacted her distant cousin about opportunities for him. Carl Laemmle was in the habit of coming to Europe each year and finding promising young men who would work in America.
In 1921, Weiller found himself and a young Czech man, Paul Kohner (later the independent agent) on the same boat to New York. Their enjoyment of the first class trip was short lived as they found they had to pay back the cost of the passage out of their $25 weekly income as messengers to Universal Pictures in New York. After working in New York for several years Wyler decided he wanted to go to Hollywood and be a director.
Film career
Around 1923, he arrived in Los Angeles and began work on the Universal lot on the swing gang, cleaning the stages and moving the sets. His break came when he was hired as a 2nd assistant editor. His work ethic was uneven at best with Irving Thalberg nicknaming him "Worthless Willy". After some ups and downs (including getting fired) Wyler became focused on becoming a director. He started as a 3rd assistant director and by 1925 he became the youngest director on the Universal lot directing the Westerns that Universal were famed at turning out. In 1928, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States.
He soon proved himself an able craftsman and in the early 1930s became one of Universal's greatest assets, directing such solid films as The Love Trap, Hell's Heroes, Tom Brown of Culver, and The Good Fairy. He became well-known for his merciless (some would say sadistic) insistence on multiple retakes, resulting in often award-winning and critically acclaimed performances from his actors. After leaving Universal he began a long collaboration with Samuel Goldwyn for whom he directed such classics as Dodsworth (1936), These Three (1936), Dead End (1937), Wuthering Heights (1939), The Westerner (1940), The Little Foxes (1941) and The Best Years of Our Lives (1946).
Laurence Olivier, whom Wyler directed to two Oscar nominations in two films, credited Wyler with teaching him how to act for the screen. Bette Davis not only received three Oscar nominations for her screen work under Wyler, but won her second Oscar for her performance in Wyler's 1938 film Jezebel. Charlton Heston won his only nomination and Best Actor Oscar for his work in Wyler's 1959 Ben-Hur.
In 1941 Wyler directed one of the key films that galvanized support for Britain and against the Nazis in an America slow to awaken to the threat in Europe, it was Mrs. Miniver (1942), a story of a middle class English family adjusting to the war in Europe. Mrs. Miniver won Wyler his first Academy Award for Best Director.
World War II
Between 1942 and 1945, Wyler served as a major in the United States Army Air Forces and directed two documentaries The Memphis Belle: A Story of a Flying Fortress (1944) and Thunderbolt! (1947), with John Sturges, the story of a P-47 fighter-bomber squadron in the Mediterranean.
Wyler also directed a film which captured the mood of the nation as it turned to peace after the war. The Best Years of Our Lives (1946), the story of three veterans arriving home and adjusting to civilian life, dramatized the problems of returning veterans for those who had remained on the homefront. Wyler's most personal film, taken from his experiences away from his family for three years and on the front, The Best Years of Our Lives won the Academy Award for Best Director (his second) and Academy Award for Best Picture.
Postwar career
During the immediate postwar period, Wyler directed a handful of critically acclaimed and influential films, The Heiress which earned Olivia de Havilland her second Oscar, Roman Holiday (1953), which introduced Audrey Hepburn to American audiences and resulted in her first Oscar nomination and only win, Friendly Persuasion (1956) which was awarded the Palme d'Or (Golden Palm) at the Cannes Film Festival, and Ben-Hur (1959) which won eleven Oscars (equalled only twice, by Titanic in 1997 and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King in 2003). Ben-Hur won Wyler his third Academy Award for Best Director.
Wyler's films garnered more awards for participating artists and actors than any other director in the history of Hollywood. He received twelve Oscar nominations for Best Director in total, while dozens of his collaborators and actors won Oscars or were nominated. In 1965, Wyler won the Irving Thalberg Award for career achievement. Eleven years later, he received the American Film Institute Life Achievement Award. In addition to his Best Picture and Best Director Oscar wins, ten of Wyler's films earned Best Picture nominations.
Wyler's style is (among auteurist critics) notoriously difficult to perceive. He did not build a stable of players like Capra, Preston Sturges or Ford. He directed varied types of films without any trademark shots or themes, but in his choice of lighting, blocking and camera distance, and in the serious liberal tone of his work, a continuity of worldview is detectable.
On July 24, 1981, Wyler gave an interview with his daughter, producer Catherine Wyler for Directed by William Wyler, a PBS documentary about his life and career. A mere three days later, Wyler died from a heart attack. Wyler's last words on film concern a vision of directing his "next picture...Going Home". Wyler is interred at Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California.
Wyler was briefly married to Margaret Sullavan (November 25, 1934 - March 13, 1936) and married Margaret Tallichet on October 23, 1938. The couple remained together until his death; they had five children, Catherine, Judith, William Jr., Melanie and David.
Awards
Wyler is the most nominated director in Academy Awards history with 12 nominations. In addition to that, Wyler has the distinction of having won the Academy Award for Best Direction on three occasions. The awards were for his direction of: Ben Hur, The Best Years of Our Lives, and Mrs. Miniver. He is tied with Frank Capra and behind John Ford, who won four Oscars in this category. There are twelve other directors who have won two Academy Awards for Best Director.
| Year | Film | Category | Result | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Academy Awards | |||||||
| 1937 | Dodsworth | Best Director | Nominated | ||||
| 1939 | Wuthering Heights | Best Director | Nominated | ||||
| 1941 | The Letter | Best Director | Nominated | ||||
| 1942 | The Little Foxes | Best Director | Nominated | ||||
| 1943 | Mrs. Miniver | Best Director | Won | ||||
| 1947 | The Best Years of Our Lives | Best Director | Won | ||||
| 1950 | The Heiress | Best Director | Nominated | ||||
| 1952 | Detective Story | Best Director | Nominated | ||||
| 1953 | Roman Holiday | Best Director | Nominated | ||||
| 1957 | Friendly Persuasion | Best Director | Nominated | ||||
| Friendly Persuasion | Best Picture | Nominated | |||||
| 1959 | Ben-Hur | Best Director | Won | ||||
| 1966 | The Collector | Best Director | Nominated | ||||
| Directors Guild of America | |||||||
| 1952 | Detective Story | Outstanding Directorial Achievement | Nominated | ||||
| 1954 | Roman Holiday | Outstanding Directorial Achievement | Nominated | ||||
| 1957 | Friendly Persuasion | Outstanding Directorial Achievement | Nominated | ||||
| 1959 | The Big Country | Outstanding Directorial Achievement | Nominated | ||||
| 1960 | Ben-Hur | Outstanding Directorial Achievement | Won | ||||
| 1962 | The Children's Hour | Outstanding Directorial Achievement | Nominated | ||||
| 1966 | Lifetime Achievement Award | ||||||
| 1969 | Funny Girl | Outstanding Directorial Achievement | Nominated | ||||
Filmography
References
Notes
- ^ Madsen 1973, p. 3.
Bibliography
- Anderegg, Michael A. William Wyler. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1979. ISBN 0-8057-9268-6.
- Herman, Jan. A Talent for Trouble: The Life of Hollywood's Most Acclaimed Director. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1995. ISBN 0-399-14012-3.
- Madsen, Axel. William Wyler: the Authorized Biography. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1973. ISBN 0-49101-302-7.
External links
- William Wyler at the Internet Movie Database
- William Wyler bibliographyvia UC Berkeley Media Resources Center
- Senses of Cinema: Great Directors Critical Database
- "The Little Foxes" and Wyler's screen collaborations with playwright Lillian Hellman
- Margaret Tallichet and William Wyler remembered at Alabama festival
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| Persondata | |
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| NAME | Wyler, William |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Weiller, Wilhelm |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | Oscar-winning motion picture director |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 1, 1902 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Mülhausen, Alsace, Germany (now Mulhouse, Haut-Rhin, France) |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 27, 1981 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
stock | retire | vm
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