September 1
September 1 is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 121 days remaining until the end of the year.
Events
- 462 – Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle.
- 1355 – Tvrtko I writes in castro nostro Vizoka vocatum from old town Visoki.
- 1532 – Lady Anne Boleyn is made Marchioness of Pembroke by her fiancé, King Henry VIII of England.
- 1644 – Battle of Tippermuir, Montrose defeats Elcho's Covenanters, reviving Royalist cause.
- 1715 – King Louis XIV of France dies after a reign of 72 years—the longest of any major European monarch.
- 1752 – The Liberty Bell arrives in Philadelphia.
- 1763 – Catherine II of Russia endorses Ivan Betskoy's plans for a Foundling Home in Moscow
- 1772 – Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa founded in San Luis Obispo, California.
- 1804 – Juno, one of the largest main belt asteroids, is discovered by German astronomer Karl Ludwig Harding.
- 1807 – Former US Vice President Aaron Burr is acquitted of treason.
- 1836 – Narcissa Whitman, one of the first white women to settle west of the Rocky Mountains, arrives at Walla Walla, Washington.
- 1859 – A solar superstorm affects electrical telegraph service.
- 1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Chantilly – Confederate forces attack retreating Union troops in Chantilly, Virginia.
- 1864 – American Civil War: Confederate General John Bell Hood evacuates Atlanta, Georgia after a four-month siege by General Sherman.
- 1870 – Franco-Prussian War: Battle of Sedan is fought, resulting in a decisive Prussian victory.
- 1873 – Cetshwayo ascends to the throne as king of the Zulu nation following the death of his father Mpande.
- 1875 – A murder conviction effectively forces the violent Irish anti-owner coal miners, the "Molly Maguires", to disband.
- 1894 – Great Hinckley Fire: A forest fire in Hinckley, Minnesota, kills more than 400 people.
- 1897 – The Boston subway opens, becoming the first underground rapid transit system in North America.
- 1902 – A Trip to the Moon, considered one of the first science fiction films, is released in France.
- 1905 – Alberta and Saskatchewan join the Canadian confederation.
- 1906 – The International Federation of Intellectual Property Attorneys (FICPI) is established.
- 1911 – The armored cruiser Georgios Averof is commissioned into the Greek Navy. It now serves as a museum ship.
- 1914 – St. Petersburg, Russia changes its name to Petrograd.
- 1914 – The last passenger pigeon, a female named Martha, dies in captivity in the Cincinnati Zoo.
- 1923 – The Great Kantō earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama, killing about 105,000 people.
- 1928 – Ahmet Zogu declares Albania to be a monarchy and proclaims himself king.
- 1934 – SMJK Sam Tet is founded by Father Fourgs from the St. Michael Church, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia.
- 1939 – World War II: Nazi Germany attacks Poland, beginning the war in Europe. (See Invasion of Poland.)
- 1939 – George C. Marshall becomes Chief of Staff of the United States Army.
- 1939 – The Wound Badge for Wehrmacht, SS, Kriegsmarine, and Luftwaffe soldiers is instituted. The final version of the Iron Cross is also instituted on this date.
- 1939 – Switzerland mobilizes its forces and the Swiss Parliament elects Henri Guisan to head the Swiss Army (an event that can happen only during war or mobilization).
- 1951 – The United States, Australia and New Zealand sign a mutual defense pact, called the ANZUS Treaty.
- 1961 – The Eritrean War of Independence officially begins with the shooting of the Ethiopian police by Hamid Idris Awate
- 1962 – Channel Television launches to 54,000 households in the Channel Islands.
- 1964 – Indian Oil Corporation formed after merging Indian Oil Refineries and Indian Oil Company.
- 1969 – A revolution in Libya brings Col. Muammar al-Gaddafi to power, which is later transferred to the People's Committees.
- 1970 – Attempted assassination of King Hussein of Jordan by Palestinian guerillas, who attacked his motorcade.
- 1972 – In Reykjavík, Iceland, American Bobby Fischer beats Russian Boris Spassky and becomes the world chess champion.
- 1974 – The SR-71 Blackbird sets (and holds) the record for flying from New York to London: 1 hour 54 minutes and 56.4 seconds.
- 1979 – The American space probe Pioneer 11 becomes the first spacecraft to visit Saturn when it passes the planet at a distance of 21,000 km.
- 1980 – Terry Fox's Marathon of Hope ends in Thunder Bay, Ontario.
- 1981 – A coup d'état in the Central African Republic overthrows President David Dacko.
- 1982 – Canada adopts a Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms as part of its Constitution.
- 1982 – The United States Air Force Space Command is founded.
- 1983 – Cold War: Korean Air Flight 007 is shot down by a Soviet Union jet fighter when the commercial aircraft enters Soviet airspace. All 269 on board are killed, including United States Congressman Lawrence McDonald.
- 1985 – A joint American-French expedition locates the wreck of the RMS Titanic.
- 1990 – The Communist Labour Party of Turkey/Leninist is founded, following a split from the Communist Labour Party of Turkey.
- 1991 – Uzbekistan declares independence from the Soviet Union
- 1997 Three different cable tv companies, Nynex, Videotron, and Bell Cablemedia merge to become a cable tv network called Cable and Wireless, which is now Virgin Media.
- 2004 – Beslan school hostage crisis: Day 1: The Beslan School hostage crisis commences when armed terrorists take hundreds of school children and adults hostage in the Russian town of Beslan in North Ossetia. The crisis would go on to last for another two days, ending on September 3.
- 2005 – Seven members and former members of the AFL-CIO form a new trade union organization, the Change to Win Federation.
- 2006 – Luxembourg became the first country to complete the move to all digital television broadcasting.
Births
- 1286 – Elisabeth Richeza of Poland, Queen of Poland (d. 1335)
- 1453 – Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, Spanish general (d. 1515)
- 1566 – Edward Alleyn, English actor (d. 1626)
- 1588 – Henry II, Prince of Condé, French nobleman (d. 1646)
- 1651 – Nataliya Kyrillovna Naryshkina, Tsaritsa of Russia (d. 1694)
- 1653 – Johann Pachelbel, German composer (d. 1706)
- 1711 – William IV, Prince of Orange (d. 1759)
- 1795 – James Gordon Bennett, Sr., American newspaper publisher (d. 1872)
- 1818 – José María Castro Madriz, first President of Costa Rica and founder of the republic (d. 1892)
- 1848 – Auguste-Henri Forel, Swiss entomologist (d. 1931)
- 1854 – Engelbert Humperdinck, German composer (d. 1921)
- 1855 – Innokenty Annensky, Russian poet (d. 1909)
- 1856 – Sergei Winogradsky, Russian scientist (d. 1953)
- 1866 – James J. Corbett, American heavyweight boxer (d. 1933)
- 1868 – Henri Bourassa, French Canadian politician and publisher (d. 1952)
- 1871 – J. Reuben Clark, Jr., American Undersecretary of State (d. 1961)
- 1875 – Edgar Rice Burroughs, American writer (d. 1950)
- 1876 – Harriet Shaw Weaver, English political activist (d. 1961)
- 1877 – Francis William Aston, Nobel laureate (d. 1945)
- 1878 – Princess Alexandra of Edinburgh and Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (d. 1942)
- 1883 – Didier Pitre, French Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1934)
- 1884 – Sigurd Wallén, Swedish actor and filmdirector (d. 1947)
- 1886 – Othmar Schoeck, Swiss composer and conductor (d. 1957)
- 1887 – Blaise Cendrars, Swiss writer (d. 1961)
- 1888 – Andrija Štampar, Croatian physician (d. 1958)
- 1889 – Richard Arlen, American actor (d. 1976)
- 1892 – Leverett Saltonstall, 55th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1979)
- 1895 – Chembai Vaidyanatha Bhagavatar, Indian musician (d. 1974)
- 1896 – A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, Indian theologian (d. 1977)
- 1897 – Andy Kennedy, Irish footballer (d. 1963)
- 1899 – Andrei Platonov, Russian writer (d. 1951)
- 1904 – Johnny Mack Brown, American actor (d. 1974)
- 1905 – Elvera Sanchez, Puerto Rican dancer (d. 2000)
- 1906 – Joaquín Balaguer, President of the Dominican Republic (d. 2002)
- 1906 – Franz Biebl, German composer (d. 2001)
- 1906 – Eleanor Burford Hibertt (Jean Plaidy, Victoria Holt, Philippa Carr...), English writer (d. 1993)
- 1907 – Walter Reuther, American labor union leader (d. 1970)
- 1908 – Amir Elahi, Pakistani cricketer (d. 1980)
- 1909 – E. Herbert Norman, Canadian diplomat (d. 1957)
- 1913 – Ludwig Merwart, Austrian painter and graphic artist (d. 1979)
- 1913 – Christian Nyby, American director and film editor (d. 1993)
- 1919 – Ossie Dawson, South African cricketer
- 1920 – Richard Farnsworth, American actor (d. 2000)
- 1921 – Willem Frederik Hermans, Dutch writer (d. 1995)
- 1921 – Madhav Mantri, Indian cricketer
- 1922 – Yvonne De Carlo, Canadian-born actress (d. 2007)
- 1922 – Vittorio Gassman, Italian actor (d. 2000)
- 1923 – Rocky Marciano, American boxer (d. 1969)
- 1923 – Kenneth Thomson, 2nd Baron Thomson of Fleet, Canadian businessman (d. 2006)
- 1925 – Art Pepper, American musician (d. 1982)
- 1926 – Abdur Rahman Biswas, President of Bangladesh
- 1926 – Gene Colan, American comic book artist
- 1927 – Wyatt Cooper, American author and screenwriter (d. 1978)
- 1928 – Clifford Lincoln, Canadian politician
- 1928 – George Maharis, American actor
- 1929 – Anne Ramsey, American actress (d. 1988)
- 1931 – Boxcar Willie, American country musician (d. 1999)
- 1932 – Derog Gioura, Nauruan politician
- 1933 – Ann W. Richards, American politician (d. 2006)
- 1933 – Conway Twitty, American singer (d. 1993)
- 1935 – Seiji Ozawa, Japanese conductor
- 1937 – Al Geiberger, American golfer
- 1937 – Ron O'Neal, American actor, film director and screenwriter (d. 2004)
- 1939 – Lily Tomlin, American actress and comedian
- 1941 – Graeme Langlands, Australian rugby league footballer
- 1942 – C. J. Cherryh, American writer
- 1943 – Don Stroud, American actor
- 1944 – Leonard Slatkin, American conductor
- 1945 – Mustafa Balel, Turkish writer
- 1946 – Greg Errico, American drummer (Sly & the Family Stone)
- 1946 – Barry Gibb, English singer (Bee Gees)
- 1946 – Roh Moo-Hyun, President of South Korea
- 1947 – Al Green, American politician
- 1948 – Józef Życiński, Polish archbishop and philosopher
- 1949 – P.A. Sangma, Indian politician
- 1950 – Phillip Fulmer, American football coach
- 1950 – Dr. Phil McGraw, American talk show host
- 1951 – Nicu Ceauşescu, Romanian politician (d. 1996)
- 1951 – David Bairstow, England cricketer (d. 1998)
- 1952 – Phil Hendrie, American radio personality
- 1953 – Beau Billingslea, American voice actor
- 1953 – Ted Petty, American professional wrestler (d. 2002)
- 1954 – Dave Lumley, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1955 – Billy Blanks, American martial artist
- 1955 – Bruce Foxton, English bassist (The Jam)
- 1956 – Philece Sampler, American voice artist
- 1957 – Gloria Estefan, Cuban/American singer
- 1957 – Duško Ivanović, Montenegrin basketball coach
- 1958 – Armi Aavikko, Finnish singer (d. 2002)
- 1959 – Kenny Mayne, American sports journalist
- 1960 – Joseph Williams, American singer and film score composer
- 1961 – Bam Bam Bigelow, American professional wrestler (d. 2007)
- 1962 – Ruud Gullit, Dutch footballer
- 1962 – Tony Cascarino, Irish footballer
- 1963 – Stephen Kernahan, Australian rules footballer
- 1963 – Carola Smit, Dutch singer
- 1964 – Brian Bellows, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1964 – Cécilia Rhode, Swedish model
- 1964 – Ray D'Arcy, Irish DJ and TV presenter
- 1966 – Tim Hardaway, American basketball player
- 1967 – David Whissell, Quebec politician
- 1968 – Mohammed Atta, Egyptian terrorist (d. 2001)
- 1969 – Henning Berg, Norwegian footballer
- 1970 – Hwang Jung-min, South Korean actor
- 1970 – Padma Lakshmi, Indian actress
- 1970 – Mitsou, Quebec singer, television and radio host, actress
- 1970 – Vanna, Croatian singer
- 1971 – Ricardo Antonio Chavira, American actor
- 1971 – Joe Enochs, American soccer player
- 1971 – Yoshitaka Hirota, Japanese composer
- 1971 – Lââm, French singer
- 1971 – Jimmy Snuka, Jr., American professional wrestler
- 1971 – Hakan Şükür, Turkish footballer
- 1972 – Doug Williams, British professional wrestler
- 1973 – Ram Kapoor, Indian actor
- 1973 – J. D. Fortune, Canadian singer (INXS)
- 1973 – Zach Thomas, American football player
- 1974 – Jason Taylor, American football player
- 1974 – Jhonen Vasquez, American comic book artist
- 1975 – Scott Speedman, English-born actor
- 1975 – Natalie Bassingthwaighte, Australian actress and singer
- 1975 – Omar Rodriguez-Lopez, Puerto Rican guitarist
- 1975 – Cuttino Mobley, American basketball player
- 1976 – Marcos Ambrose, Australian racing driver
- 1976 – Erik Morales, Mexican boxer
- 1976 – Jada Fire, American porn actress
- 1976 – Polly Shannon, Canadian actress
- 1976 – Sebastián Rozental, Chilean footballer
- 1976 – Clare Connor, England Woman cricketer
- 1977 – Aaron Schobel, American football player
- 1977 – Raffaele Giammaria, Italian racing driver
- 1977 – Shoshana Bean, American stage actress
- 1977 – Aamir Ali, Indian television actor
- 1977 – David Albelda, Spanish footballer
- 1978 – Max Vieri, Australian soccer player
- 1978 – Lucie Blackman, English murder victim (d. 2000)
- 1979 – James O'Connor, Irish footballer
- 1980 – Chris Riggott, English footballer
- 1980 – Sammy Adjei, Ghanaian footballer
- 1981 – Clinton Portis, American football player
- 1981 – Adam Quick, Australian basketball player
- 1981 – Matthew McGuire, Australian Rower
- 1982 – Ryan Gomes, American basketball player
- 1982 – Paul Dumbrell, Australian racing driver
- 1982 – Jeffrey Buttle, Canadian figure skater
- 1983 – José Antonio Reyes, Spanish footballer
- 1983 – Jeff Woywitka, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1984 – Joseph Trohman, American musician (Fall Out Boy)
- 1984 – Nick Noble, American soccer player
- 1985 – Camile Velasco, Filipino-American singer
- 1986 – Gaël Monfils, French tennis player
- 1986 – Anthony Allen, English rugby union player
- 1987 – Dann Hume, New Zealand musician (Evermore)
- 1988 – Gabriel Ferrari, American soccer player
- 1988 – Mushfiqur Rahim, Bangladeshi cricketer
- 1989 – Juliana Lohmann, Brazilian actress
- 1993 – Ilona Mitrecey, French singer
- 1994 – Bianca Ryan, American singer
Deaths
- 1067 – Baldwin V of Flanders
- 1159 – Pope Adrian IV (b. 1100)
- 1256 – Kujo Yoritsune, Japanese shogun (b. 1218)
- 1414 – William de Ros, 7th Baron de Ros, Lord Treasurer of England (b. 1369)
- 1557 – Jacques Cartier, French explorer (b. 1491)
- 1581 – Guru Ram Das, fourth Sikh Guru (b. 1534)
- 1600 – Tadeáš Hájek, Czech physician (b. 1525)
- 1615 – Étienne Pasquier, French lawyer (b. 1529)
- 1648 – Marin Mersenne, French mathematician (b. 1588)
- 1685 – Leoline Jenkins, Welsh lawyer (b. 1625)
- 1687 – Henry More, English philosopher (b. 1614)
- 1715 – François Girardon, French sculptor (b. 1628)
- 1715 – King Louis XIV of France (b. 1638)
- 1818 – Robert Calder, British naval officer (b. 1745)
- 1838 – William Clark, American explorer, part of the Lewis and Clark Expedition (b. 1770)
- 1943 – Charles Atangana, Cameroonian chief (b. 1880)
- 1947 – Frederick Russell Burnham, father of the international Scouting movement (b. 1861)
- 1953 – Bernard O'Dowd, Australian poet (b. 1866)
- 1957 – Dennis Brain, English musician (b. 1921)
- 1967 – Siegfried Sassoon, English poet (b. 1886)
- 1967 – Ilse Koch, Nazi war criminal (b. 1906)
- 1969 – Drew Pearson, American newspaper columnist (b. 1897)
- 1970 – François Mauriac, French writer, Nobel laureate (b. 1885)
- 1977 – Ethel Waters, American singer (b. 1896)
- 1981 – Albert Speer, Nazi official (b. 1905)
- 1981 – Ann Harding, American actress (b. 1901)
- 1982 – Haskell Curry, American mathematician (b. 1900)
- 1982 – Wladyslaw Gomulka, Polish communist leader (b. 1905)
- 1983 – Henry M. Jackson, American politician (b. 1912)
- 1983 – Larry McDonald, American congressman (b. 1935)
- 1985 – Stefan Bellof, German race car driver (b. 1957)
- 1985 – Jay Youngblood, American wrestler (b. 1955)
- 1986 – Murray Hamilton, American actor (b. 1923)
- 1988 – Luis Alvarez, American physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1911)
- 1989 – A. Bartlett Giamatti, American baseball commissioner (b. 1938)
- 1989 – Tadeusz Sendzimir, American inventor (b. 1894)
- 1994 – Boris Malenko, American professional wrestler (b. 1933)
- 1998 – Józef Krupiński, Polish poet (b. 1930)
- 1998 – Cary Middlecoff, American golfer (b. 1921)
- 1999 – W. Richard Stevens, Zambian computer scientist (b. 1951)
- 2001 – Brian Moore British sports commentator (b. 1932)
- 2003 – Sir Terry Frost, British artist (b. 1915)
- 2004 – Ahmed Kuftaro, Grand Mufti of Syria (b. 1915)
- 2005 – R. L. Burnside, American musician (b. 1926)
- 2005 – Thanos Leivaditis, Greek actor (b. 1934)
- 2006 – Kyffin Williams, Welsh landscape painter (b. 1918)
- 2006 – Bob O'Connor, mayor of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (b. 1944)
- 2006 – Nellie Connally, wife of Texas governor John Connally (b. 1919)
- 2006 – Warren Mitofsky, American pollster (b. 1934)
- 2007 – Roy McKenzie, New Zealand philanthropist (b. 1922)
- 2008 – Don LaFontaine, American voice actor (b. 1940)
- 2008 – Jerry Reed, American musician and actor (b. 1937)
Holidays and observances
External links
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