La Jolla, San Diego, California


Panoramic view of La Jolla from the Torrey Pines cliffs

La Jolla (pronounced /ləˈhɔɪ.ə/ lə-HOY-ə) is a wealthy[1] seaside resort community, occupying 7 miles (11 km) of curving coastline along the Pacific Ocean in Southern California within the northern city limits of San Diego, California. The 2004 estimated population is 42,808.[2] La Jolla is surrounded on three sides by ocean bluffs and beaches[3] and is located 12 miles (19 km) north of Downtown San Diego, and 40 miles (64 km) south of Orange County California,[4][5] The climate is mild, with an average daily temperature of 70.5 °F (21.4 °C)[6][7][8] La Jolla is known for tourism and shopping.[3][9][10]

The University of California, San Diego (UCSD) is located in La Jolla, as is the Salk Institute, and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.

According to U.S. Census Bureau figures, the ethnic/racial makeup of La Jolla is 82.5 percent white, 0.8 percent black, 0.2 percent American Indian, 11.2 percent Asian, 0.1 percent Pacific Islander, 2.0 percent some other race, and 3.1 percent two or more races. Latinos, who may be of any race, form 7.2 percent of La Jolla's population.

Contents

Identity

View from Horseshoe.

The origin of the name "La Jolla" is obscure (see below). The U.S. Postal Service has given La Jolla the ZIP code 92037, rather than 921xx as in the rest of the city of San Diego, and has designated "La Jolla" as the only acceptable place name for use in mailing addresses for the ZIP Codes covering the area. La Jolla is not, however, a separate incorporated city, but part of the City of San Diego.

The community's border starts at Pacific Beach to the south and extends along the Pacific Ocean shore north to include Torrey Pines State Reserve ending at Del Mar, California. La Jolla encompasses neighborhoods[11] like Bird Rock, Windansea Beach, the original or "old" village of La Jolla, La Jolla Shores, La Jolla Farms, Torrey Pines, Mount Soledad and La Jolla Village. The City of San Diego defines La Jolla's eastern boundary as former Highway US 101, which is now Gilman Drive, with the exception of some of the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). [12] and northern boundary as La Jolla Village Drive. [13]

Black's Beach was named for the Black family who had a horse farm overlooking the beach. They sold the land, and then it was subdivided into La Jolla Farms lots. The Farm's residents retained the Black family’s private road to the beach.[14]

Community groups

The La Jolla Community Planning Association advises the City Council, Planning Commission, City Planning Department as well as other Governmental agency as appropriate in the initial preparation, adoption of, implementation of, or amendment to the General or Community Plan as it pertains to the La Jolla area.[15] The non-profit La Jolla Town Council[16] represents the interests of the La Jolla businesses that belong to the Council.

Service clubs in La Jolla include Kiwanis, Rotary, and the La Jolla Woman's Club.

History

La Jolla

Origin of the name

The La Jolla area was known as “La Jolla Park” at least as early as 1886. The origin of the name is obscure. Promoters of La Jolla claim it is from the Spanish “la joya”, meaning the jewel. Although disputed by scholars, this is the popularly accepted origin of the name and has given rise to the nickname "Jewel City".[17][18] A more likely though less glamorous theory is that “La Jolla” is a corruption of the Native American word “Woholle”, meaning hole in the mountain, referring to the caves in the north-facing cliffs next to La Jolla Cove Park.[19] The main cave is accessible today via tunnels built by Professor Gustav Shultz in 1902.[20]

Timeline

Some significant events in La Jolla's history:[21][22]

  • 1850 - the area of La Jolla was incorporated into the City of San Diego
  • 1880s - the area was surveyed and subdivided by Frank Botsford, "the father of La Jolla"
  • 1890s - railroad arrives in La Jolla
  • 1893 - the La Jolla Park Hotel opened
  • 1909 - The Bishop's School was founded
  • 1911 - electricity came to La Jolla with 4 customers
  • 1912 - the first motion picture in town was shown
  • 1913 - the Orient Theater opened on Girard and Wall
  • 1922 - the first La Jolla Light newspaper was printed
  • 1926 - La Valencia Hotel opened and La Jolla Country Day School started
  • 1944 - the first stop sign was put on Girard and Torrey Pines Road

Antisemitism

From its beginnings to the early 1960s, La Jolla was marketed by developers as a bastion of isolation and exclusivity. Antisemitic housing practices began in 1926 with the development of La Jolla Shores. In La Jolla Shores and La Jolla Hermosa, only people with pure Caucasian blood could own property, and housing notices included racist comments against Jews and other minority groups. Housing restrictions were thought to be enough to keep "undesirable" ethnic groups from living in La Jolla, until the 1948 Supreme Court case Shelley v. Kraemer prohibited such restrictive covenants. After that ruling, real estate companies used less obvious tactics to keep Jews out of La Jolla. Real estate agents would be fired if they sold a house to Jewish clients. There were no for-sale signs put up on properties, requiring the prospective buyer to go to a real estate office to find out what was available. If a real estate agent suspected that a potential home buyer was a Jew, they would demand higher down payments and display green cards on their dashboards marked with the Star of David to warn the seller. The sellers would also send codes to their real estate agents: if their porch lights were on during the day, they did not want Jewish buyers.[23]

By 1962, however, La Jolla, and the non-restrictive La Jolla Scenic Heights in particular, had a substantial Jewish population due to talk of establishing UCSD in the area. The university would bring many Jewish professors, who would need to live in nearby areas such as La Jolla. In the words of UCSD patriarch Roger Revelle, "You can't have a university without having Jewish professors. The Real Estate Broker's Association and their supporters in La Jolla had to make up their minds whether they wanted a university or an anti-Semitic covenant. You couldn't have both."[24] Today, there are three large synagogues in La Jolla, and over 60 percent of San Diego Jews live in La Jolla or farther north. Due to UCSD, La Jolla now boasts a large and thriving Jewish population.[25]

Neighborhoods

Boomer's Beach
  • La Jolla Farms - the homes on top of the cliffs above Black's Beach and adjacent to the western boundary of the UCSD campus.
  • La Jolla Shores - the residential area and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography campus along La Jolla Shores beach and east up the hillside. Also includes a small business district of shops and restaurants along Avenida de la Playa.
  • La Jolla Heights - the homes on the hills overlooking La Jolla Shores. No businesses.
  • Hidden Valley - lower portion of Mount Soledad on the northern slopes. No businesses.
  • Country Club - lower Mount Soledad on the north-west side, including the La Jolla Country Club golf course.
  • Village - a.k.a. Village of La Jolla (not to be confused with La Jolla Village) the "downtown" business district area, including most of La Jolla's shops and restaurants, and the immediately surrounding residential areas.
  • Beach-Barber Tract - the coastal section from Windansea Beach to the Village. A few shops and restaurants, mostly on La Jolla Blvd.
  • Lower Hermosa - coastal strip south of Beach-Barber Tract. No businesses.
  • Bird Rock - southern/coastal La Jolla, and the lower slopes of Mt Soledad in the area. Shops and restaurants along La Jolla Blvd.
  • Muirlands - relatively large area on western middle slope of Mt. Soledad. No businesses.
  • La Jolla Mesa - A strip on the lower southern side of Mt. Soledad, bordering Pacific Beach.
  • La Jolla Alta - The neighborhood east of La Jolla Mesa.
  • Soledad South - Southeastern slopes of Mount Soledad, all the way up to the top, east of La Jolla Alta.
  • Muirlands West - The neighborhood between Muirlands to the south, and Country Club - to the north.
  • Upper Hermosa - North of Bird Rock, east of La Jolla Blvd.
  • La Jolla Village - (not to be confused with the Village of La Jolla) - north-east La Jolla, east of La Jolla Heights, north and west of I-5, and south of UCSD. This neighborhood's namesake, The La Jolla Village Square shopping and residential mall, including La Jolla's two movie theatres, is located here.

It should be noted that The Village (of La Jolla) and La Jolla Village are not at all the same; they are distinct neighborhoods within La Jolla.

Education

UCSD's distinctive Geisel Library, named for Theodor Seuss Geisel ("Dr. Seuss") and featured in UCSD's logo.

University of California, San Diego

The University of California, San Diego is the center of higher education in La Jolla. The campus's original name was UC La Jolla before it was changed to UC San Diego. UCSD includes the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the San Diego Supercomputer Center.

Other schools

National University is also headquartered in La Jolla, though its San Diego campuses are located elsewhere in the city and county. Among the several research institutes near UCSD and in the nearby Torrey Pines Science Park are The Scripps Research Institute, the Burnham Institute (formerly called the La Jolla Cancer Research Foundation) and the Salk Institute.

La Jolla is part of the San Diego City Schools. Public schools include La Jolla High School, La Jolla Elementary, which was the first public school, built in 1896 with the first classes in the Heald Store at the corner of Herschel Avenue and Wall Street but then moved to its present location on Girard Avenue, Torrey Pines Elementary, and Bird Rock Elementary, as well as The Preuss School UCSD, a public charter school. The community's prep schools are The Bishop's School, which was the first private school opened in 1909, The Children's School, Integral Elementary School of La Jolla, Delphi Academy, Stella Maris Academy, All Hallows Academy, The Gillispie School, and the Evans School. La Jolla Country Day School is located in the nearby community of University City.

Landscape

La Jolla, like most of Southern California, is an area of great natural beauty with a mixture of geology - sandy beaches and rocky shorelines good for a variety of outdoor activities. The area has a number of public beaches, parks, as well as shopping areas. The area is occasionally susceptible to flooding and ocean storms, as occurred in January 2010.[26]

Beaches

Wipeout Beach

The most compelling geographical highlight of La Jolla is its ocean front, with alternating rugged and sandy coast line and wild seal congregations. Popular sandy beaches, dotting the coastline from the south to the north, are:

Mount Soledad

Mount Soledad is covered with the narrow roads that follow its contours and hundreds of homes overlooking the ocean on its slopes. It is the home of the large concrete Mount Soledad Easter Cross built in 1954, later designated a Korean War Memorial, that became the center of a controversy over the display of religious symbols on government property.

Development

The cross on Mount Soledad

The landscape of La Jolla today is shaped by its development. With palm-lined streets, large estate homes in masterplanned and gated developments, La Jolla has become one of the most expensive neighborhoods in San Diego, boasting some of the county's wealthiest people.

Religious institutions

  • All Hallows Church[27]
  • Assembly of God[27]
  • Christian Science Church[27]
  • Congregational Church (the first church built, which burned down in 1915 and was re-built in 1916 on 1216 Cave Street)[27]
  • First Baptist Church
  • La Jolla Lutheran Church[27]
  • La Jolla Presbyterian Church[27]
  • La Jolla Religious Society of Friends[27]
  • La Jolla United Methodist Church[27]
  • Mary, Star of the Sea Catholic church[27]
  • Prince Chapel By The Sea AMC[27]
  • St. James By-The-Sea Episcopal[27]
  • St. John Church of God in Christ[27]
  • Torrey Pines Christian Church[27]
  • University Lutheran Church[27]
  • Congregation Beth El[27]
  • Congregation Adat Yeshurun[27]
  • Chabad Jewish Center of La Jolla

Attractions and activities

La Jolla is the location of Torrey Pines Golf Course, site of the PGA Tour's Buick Invitational held each January or February. In 2008, Torrey Pines also hosted the 2008 U.S. Open. Nearby are the de facto nude beach, Black's Beach, and the Torrey Pines Gliderport.[28]

Downtown La Jolla is noted for jewelry stores, upmarket restaurants and hotels. Prospect Street and Girard Avenue are also shopping and dining districts.[citation needed]

Museum of Contemporary Art - La Jolla branch

The La Jolla branch of the Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego, founded in 1941, is located just above the waterfront in what was originally the 1915 residence of philanthropist Ellen Browning Scripps. The museum has a permanent collection has over 3,500 post-a950 American and European works including paintings, works on paper, sculptures, photographic art, design objects and video works.[27]

Beaches and ocean access include Windansea Beach, La Jolla Shores, La Jolla Cove and Children's Pool Beach. For many years, La Jolla has been the host of a rough water swim at La Jolla Cove.[29]

Notable residents

Main article: List of people from La Jolla, San Diego, California

Arts and entertainment

La Jolla Cove

Beauty pageant winners

  • Carrie Prejean- Former Miss California USA 2009 & Miss USA 2009 First Runner-Up

Actors

Film and television executives

Literature

Music

Visual and performance art

Business and finance

Crime

Government and politics

Science and technology

Sports

Academia

See also

San Diego portal

References

  1. ^ Trails.com
  2. ^ "Population and Housing Estimates, Zip Code 92037". 2004 Estimates. http://cart.sandag.org/profiles/est/zip92037est.pdf. Retrieved 2006-10-15. 
  3. ^ a b SanDiego.org
  4. ^ Mapquest
  5. ^ San Diego City
  6. ^ SanDiego.org
  7. ^ Weather.com
  8. ^ City-Data.com
  9. ^ DiscoverSD
  10. ^ La Jolla, CA Official Website
  11. ^ map of La Jolla neighborhoods
  12. ^ San Diego City Department
  13. ^ http://www.sandiego.gov/neighborhoodmaps/northern.shtml
  14. ^ La Jolla, A Celebration of It's Past. Patricia Daly-lipe and Barbara Dawson
  15. ^ La Jolla Community Profile
  16. ^ La Jolla Town Council
  17. ^ IStayGreen.org
  18. ^ Adrian Green Jewel Cityi
  19. ^ PBS Weekend Explorer, accessed December 2, 2007.
  20. ^ La Jolla Cave Store
  21. ^ Inside La Jolla. La Jolla Historical Society. 
  22. ^ Jolla Historical Society website
  23. ^ http://www.sdjewishjournal.com/stories/jewishnewsstory.html
  24. ^ http://www.lajollalight.com/printer/article.asp?c=223555
  25. ^ http://www.fairhousingforall.org/sites/default/files/files/Stratthaus.pdf
  26. ^ La Jolla Light, January 21, 2010
  27. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Schaelchlin, Patricia,La Jolla: The Story of a Community 1897-1987, Friends of the La Jolla Library, San Diego, 1988
  28. ^ Torrey Pines Gliderport website
  29. ^ La Jolla Rough Water Swim
  30. ^ La Jolla Blue Book Community Directory
  31. ^ "Anne Rice's rebirth", San Diego Union-Tribune, November 3, 2005.
  32. ^ Sullivan, Patricia (2006-08-04). "Margaret Anne Cargill, 85; Anonymous Philanthropist". Washington Post (Washington, DC): p. B07. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/03/AR2006080301666.html. Retrieved 2008-11-22. 
  33. ^ Williams, Jack (2006-08-03). "Margaret Anne Cargill, 85; 'anonymous angel' of philanthropy". San Diego Union-Tribune (San Diego, California). http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/obituaries/20060803-9999-1m3cargill.html. Retrieved 2008-11-22. 
  34. ^ "Margaret Anne Cargill, 85; San Diego Billionaire and Philanthropist". Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California): p. B-12. 2006-08-03. http://articles.latimes.com/2006/aug/03/local/me-passings3. Retrieved 2008-11-22. 
  35. ^ Millard, Elizabeth (2006-10-23). "Cargill, MacMillan clans remain influential in business, community". Minneapolis-Saint Paul Business Journal (Charlotte, North Carolina: American City Business Journals, Inc). http://www.bizjournals.com/twincities/stories/2006/10/23/focus11.html. Retrieved 2008-11-22. 
  36. ^ "The 400 Richest Americans (2005)". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/lists/2005/54/WGHJ.html. Retrieved 2008-11-22. 
  37. ^ "Mrs. McCain, San Diego County Would Like a Word". http://www.newsweek.com/id/143775/. 
  38. ^ "Mitt Romney's New $12 Million California House". http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/06/10/mitt-romneys-new-12-milli_n_106424.html. Retrieved 2008-11-05. 
  • Schaelchlin, Patricia A. (1988) La Jolla: The Story of a Community, 1897–1987. San Diego: Friends of the La Jolla Library. ISBN 0967584701

External links

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Coordinates: 32°50′24″N 117°16′37″W / 32.84°N 117.27694°W / 32.84; -117.27694

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