July 10
July 10 is the 191st day of the year (192nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 174 days remaining until the end of the year.
Events
- 48 BC – Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia.
- 988 – The city of Dublin is founded on the banks of the river Liffey.
- 1212 – The most severe of several early fires of London burns most of the city to the ground.
- 1460 – Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick defeats the king's Lancastrian forces and takes King Henry VI prisoner in the Battle of Northampton.
- 1553 – Lady Jane Grey takes the throne of England.
- 1584 – William I of Orange is assassinated in his home in Delft, Holland by Balthasar Gérard.
- 1645 – English Civil War: The Battle of Langport takes place.
- 1778 – American Revolution: Louis XVI of France declares war on the Kingdom of Great Britain.
- 1789 – Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Mackenzie River delta.
- 1796 – Carl Friedrich Gauss discovers that every positive integer is representable as a sum of at most three triangular numbers.
- 1800 – The Government of British India establishes the Fort William College to promote Urdu, Hindi and other vernaculars of sub continent.
- 1806 – The Vellore Mutiny is the first instance of a mutiny by Indian sepoys against the British East India Company.
- 1821 – The United States takes possession of its newly bought territory of Florida from Spain.
- 1832 – U.S.President Andrew Jackson vetoes a bill that would re-charter the Second Bank of the United States.
- 1850 – Millard Fillmore is inaugurated as the 13th President of the United States upon the death of President Zachary Taylor, 16 months into his term.
- 1877 – The then-villa of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, formally receives its city charter from the Royal Crown of Spain.
- 1890 – Wyoming is admitted as the 44th U.S. state.
- 1913 – Death Valley, California hits 134 °F (~56.7 °C), which is the highest temperature recorded in the United States.
- 1925 – Meher Baba begins his silence of 44 years. His followers observe Silence Day on this date in commemoration.
- 1925 – Scopes Trial: In Dayton, Tennessee, the so-called "Monkey Trial" begins with John T. Scopes, a young high school science teacher, is accused of teaching evolution in violation of the Butler Act.
- 1938 – Howard Hughes sets a new record by completing a 91 hour airplane flight around the world.
- 1940 – World War II: Vichy France government is established.
- 1940 – World War II: Battle of Britain – The German Luftwaffe begin to hit British convoys in the English Channel thus starting the battle (this start date is contested, though).
- 1941 – Jedwabne Pogrom is a massacre of Jewish people living in and near the village of Jedwabne in Poland.
- 1942 – The diplomatic relations between the Netherlands and the Soviet Union are established.
- 1943 – World War II: The launching of Operation Husky begins the Italian Campaign.
- 1947 – Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah is recommended as the first Governor General of Pakistan by then Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Clement Attlee.
- 1951 – Korean War: At Kaesong, armistice negotiations begin.
- 1958 – Highest tsunami wave ever recorded at Lituya Bay, Alaska, at 524m high.
- 1962 – Telstar, the world's first communications satellite, is launched into orbit.
- 1966 – The Chicago Freedom Movement, lead by Martin Luther King, held a rally at Soldier Field in Chicago, Illinois. As many as 60,000 people came to hear Dr. King as well as Mahalia Jackson, Stevie Wonder, and Peter Paul and Mary.
- 1967 – Uruguay becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
- 1968 – Maurice Couve de Murville becomes Prime Minister of France.
- 1973 – The Bahamas gain full independence within the Commonwealth of Nations.
- 1973 – National Assembly of Pakistan passes a resolution on Bangladesh recognition.
- 1976 – The Seveso disaster occurs in Italy.
- 1976 – One American and three British mercenaries are executed in Angola following the Luanda Trial.
- 1978 – World News Tonight premieres on ABC.
- 1978 – President Moktar Ould Daddah of Mauritania is ousted in a bloodless coup d'état.
- 1980 – Alexandra Palace is burned down for a second time.
- 1985 – Greenpeace vessel Rainbow Warrior is bombed and sunk in Auckland, New Zealand Harbor by French DGSE agents.
- 1991 – Boris Yeltsin begins his 5-year term as the first elected President of Russia.
- 1991 – The South African cricket team is readmitted into the International Cricket Council (ICC) following the end of Apartheid.
- 1992 – In Miami, Florida, former Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega is sentenced to 40 years in prison for drug and racketeering violations.
- 1997 – London, scientists report their DNA analysis findings from a Neandertal skeleton which support the out of Africa theory of human evolution placing an "African Eve" at 100,000 to 200,000 years ago.
- 1997 – Partido Popular (Spain) member Miguel Ángel Blanco is kidnapped in the Basque city of Ermua by ETA members, sparking widespread protests.
- 1998 – Roman Catholic sex abuse cases: The Diocese of Dallas agrees to pay $23.4 million to nine former altar boys who claimed they were sexually abused by former priest Rudolph Kos.
- 2000 – A leaking southern Nigerian petroleum pipeline explodes, killing about 250 villagers scavenging gasoline.
- 2000 – EADS, the world's second-largest aerospace group is formed by the merger of Aérospatiale-Matra, DASA, and CASA.
- 2002 – At a Sotheby's auction, Peter Paul Rubens' painting The Massacre of the Innocents is sold for £49.5million (US$76.2 million) to Kenneth, Lord Thomson.
- 2003 – A Neoplan bus, owned by Kowloon Motor Bus, collides with a truck, falls off a bridge on Tuen Mun Road, Hong Kong, and plunges into the underlying valley, killing 21 people. This is the deadliest traffic accident to date in Hong Kong.
- 2005 – Hurricane Dennis slams into the Florida Panhandle, causing billions of dollars in damage.
- 2006 – Pakistan International Flight PK-688 crashes in Multan, Pakistan, shortly after takeoff, killing all 45 people on board.
- 2008 – Former Macedonian Interior Minister Ljube Boškoski is acquitted of all charges by a UN Tribunal accusing him of war crimes.
Births
- 1419 – Emperor Go-Hanazono of Japan (d. 1471)
- 1452 – King James III of Scotland (d. 1488)
- 1509 – John Calvin, French religious reformer (d. 1564)
- 1517 – Odet de Coligny, French cardinal and Protestant (d. 1571)
- 1592 – Pierre d'Hozier, French historian (d. 1660)
- 1614 – Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey, English royalist statesman (d. 1686)
- 1625 – Jean Herauld Gourville, French adventurer (d. 1703)
- 1638 – David Teniers III, Flemish painter (d. 1685)
- 1666 – John Ernest Grabe, German-born Anglican theologian (d. 1711)
- 1682 – Bartholomaeus Ziegenbalg, German Lutheran missionary to India (d. 1719)
- 1682 – Roger Cotes, English mathematician (d. 1716)
- 1711 – Princess Amelia of Great Britain (d. 1783)
- 1723 – William Blackstone, English jurist (d. 1780)
- 1736 – Maria, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh (d. 1807)
- 1792 – George Mifflin Dallas, U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania and the 11th Vice President of the United States (d. 1864)
- 1802 – Robert Chambers, Scottish author and naturalist (d. 1871)
- 1804 – Emma Smith Inaugural President of the Women's Relief Society of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1879)
- 1809 – Friedrich August von Quenstedt, German geologist (d. 1889)
- 1830 – Camille Pissarro, French painter (d. 1903)
- 1832 – Alvan Graham Clark, American telescope maker and astronomer (d. 1897)
- 1835 – Henryk Wieniawski, Polish composer (d. 1880)
- 1839 – Adolphus Busch, German-born brewer (d. 1913)
- 1856 – Nikola Tesla, Serb-American inventor (d. 1943)
- 1867 – Prince Maximilian of Baden, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1929)
- 1871 – Marcel Proust, French writer (d. 1922)
- 1874 – Sergey Konenkov, Russian sculptor (d. 1971)
- 1875 – Mary McLeod Bethune, American educator (d. 1955)
- 1883 – Johannes Blaskowitz, German general (d. 1948)
- 1888 – Giorgio de Chirico, Italian painter (d. 1978)
- 1895 – Carl Orff, German composer (d. 1982)
- 1896 – Thérèse Casgrain, French Canadian politician and senator (d. 1981)
- 1897 – Karl Plagge, German officer (d. 1957)
- 1897 – Jack "Legs" Diamond", American bootlegger (d. 1931)
- 1899 – John Gilbert, American actor (d. 1936)
- 1899 – Heiri Suter, Swiss cyclist (d. 1978)
- 1900 – Sampson Sievers, Russian Orthodox Christian monk, priest and wonder-worker (d. 1979)
- 1900 – Mitchell Parish, American lyricist (d. 1993)
- 1902 – Kurt Alder, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1958)
- 1903 – John Wyndham, British author (d. 1969)
- 1903 – Werner Best, German jurist and nazi leader (d. 1989)
- 1905 – Thomas Gomez, American actor (d. 1971)
- 1905 – Wolfram Sievers, Nazi physician (d. 1948)
- 1909 – Donald Sinclair, British hotel manager, inspiration for Fawlty Towers (d. 1981)
- 1913 – Salvador Espriu, Spanish poet (d. 1985)
- 1914 – Joe Shuster, Canadian-born cartoonist (d. 1992)
- 1917 – Don Herbert, American television host (d. 2007)
- 1917 – Hugh Alexander, American baseball player (d. 2000)
- 1920 – David Brinkley, American television reporter (d. 2003)
- 1920 – Owen Chamberlain, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2006)
- 1921 – Harvey Ball, American inventor (d. 2001)
- 1921 – Jake LaMotta, American boxer
- 1921 – Eunice Kennedy Shriver, American activist
- 1923 – Earl Hamner Jr., American author and television producer
- 1923 – Jean Kerr, American author (d. 2003)
- 1923 – G. A. Kulkarni, Indian (Marathi) writer (d. 1987)
- 1923 – John Bradley, United States Navy corpsman, one of six who raised flag on top of Mt. Suribachi(see Iwo Jima) (d. 1994)
- 1924 – Bobo Brazil, American professional wrestler (d. 1998)
- 1924 – Johnny Bach, American basketball coach
- 1926 – Fred Gwynne, American actor (d. 1993)
- 1927 – Grigory Barenblatt, Russian mathematician
- 1927 – Suzanne Cloutier, Canadian film actor (d. 2003)
- 1928 – Moshe Greenberg, American-Israeli Bible scholar
- 1928 – Alejandro de Tomaso, Argentine-Italian racing driver and car manufacturer (d. 2003)
- 1928 – Bernard Buffet, French painter (d. 1999)
- 1929 – Winnie Ewing, Scottish politician
- 1930 – Bruce Boa, Canadian actor (d. 2004)
- 1931 – Nick Adams, American actor (d. 1968)
- 1931 – Alice Munro, Canadian writer
- 1932 – Carlo Mario Abate, Italian racing driver
- 1934 – Jerry Nelson, American puppeteer
- 1935 – Tura Satana, American actress
- 1938 – Paul Andreu, French architect
- 1938 – Lee Morgan, American hard-bop trumpeter
- 1939 – Ahmet Taner Kışlalı, Turkish politician, journalist, and educator (d. 1999)
- 1940 – Meghnad Desai, Baron Desai, British economist
- 1940 – Helen Donath, American soprano
- 1940 – Tom Farmer, Scottish entrepreneur
- 1941 – David G. Hartwell, American editor and anthologist
- 1941 – Ian Whitcomb, English songwriter, entertainer and producer
- 1942 – Ronnie James Dio, American musician
- 1942 – Pyotr Klimuk, Soviet cosmonaut
- 1943 – Arthur Ashe, American tennis player (d. 1993)
- 1945 – John Motson, British sports (football) commentator
- 1945 – Jean-Marie Poiré, French film director
- 1945 – Virginia Wade, British tennis player
- 1945 – Ron Glass, American actor
- 1945 – Peter Michalica, Slovak violinist
- 1946 – Sue Lyon, American actress
- 1947 – Arlo Guthrie, American musician
- 1949 – Sunil Gavaskar, Indian cricketer
- 1949 – Greg Kihn U.S. pop musician & radio personality.
- 1949 – John Whitehead, American singer and record producer
- 1950 – Prokopis Pavlopoulos, Greek politician
- 1951 – Phyllis Smith, American actress
- 1951 – Cheryl Wheeler, American singer and songwriter
- 1952 – Ludmilla Tourischeva, Russian gymnast
- 1952 – Kim Mitchell, Canadian guitarist/singer
- 1952 – Peter van Heemst, Dutch politician
- 1953 – Zoogz Rift, singer/songwriter and wrestling booker
- 1953 – Rik Emmett, Canadian musician (Triumph)
- 1954 – Neil Tennant, British musician (Pet Shop Boys)
- 1954 – Andre Dawson, American baseball player
- 1956 – Tom McClintock, American politician
- 1957 – Cindy Sheehan, American anti-war/political activist
- 1958 – Béla Fleck, American musician
- 1958 – Fiona Shaw, Irish actress
- 1959 – Ellen Kuras, American cinematographer
- 1961 – Jacky Cheung, Hong Kong singer and actor
- 1964 – Urban Meyer, American football coach
- 1964 – Wilfried Peeters, Belgian cyclist
- 1965 – Alec Mapa, Filipino-American actor and comedian
- 1965 – Ken Mellons, American singer
- 1965 – Princess Alexia of Greece and Denmark
- 1966 – Johnny Grunge, wrestler (d. 2006)
- 1967 – Tom Meents, American monster truck driver
- 1968 – Hassiba Boulmerka, Algerian athlete
- 1968 – Jonathan Gilbert, American actor
- 1969 – Jamie Glover, British actor
- 1969 – Gale Harold, American actor
- 1969 – Alexandra Hedison, American actress
- 1970 – Helen Sjöholm, Swedish singer and actress
- 1970 – Adam Hills, Australian comedian
- 1970 – Gary LeVox, American singer (Rascal Flatts)
- 1970 – Jason Orange, UK pop singer and dancer (Take That)
- 1970 – John Simm, British actor
- 1971 – Adam Foote, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1971 – Gregory Goodridge, Barbadian footballer
- 1972 – Peter Serafinowicz, British comedian and actor
- 1972 – Sofia Vergara, Colombian actress
- 1972 – Tilo Wolff, German musician (Lacrimosa)
- 1974 – Chiwetel Ejiofor, English actor
- 1975 – Alain Nasreddine, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1975 – Stefán Karl Stefánsson, Icelandic actor
- 1976 – Elijah Blue Allman, American musician (Deadsy)
- 1976 – Adrian Grenier, American actor
- 1976 – Ludovic Giuly, French footballer
- 1976 – Brendon Lade, Australian rules footballer
- 1976 – Edmílson Gomes, Brazilian footballer
- 1977 – Schapelle Corby, Australian convicted drug smuggler
- 1977 – Gwendoline Yeo, American actress
- 1978 – Jesse Lacey, American musician (Brand New)
- 1979 – Mvondo Atangana, Cameroon footballer
- 1980 – Thomas Ian Nicholas, American actor
- 1980 – Alejandro Millán, Mexican singer and songwriter
- 1980 – Adam Petty, American race car driver (d. 2000)
- 1980 – Jessica Simpson, American singer
- 1980 – Orlando Jordan, American wrestler
- 1980 – Han Eun-jeong, South Korean actress
- 1981 – Aleksandar Tunchev, Bulgarian footballer
- 1982 – Alex Arrowsmith, American musician
- 1983 – Kim Heechul, Korean Singer
- 1982 – Sebastian Mila, Polish footballer
- 1983 – Matthew Egan, Australian rules footballer
- 1984 – Maria Julia Mantilla Garcia, Miss World 2004
- 1985 – B.J. Crombeen, American ice hockey player
- 1985 – Mario Gómez, German footballer
Deaths
- 138 – Hadrian, Roman Emperor (b. 76)
- 649 – Li Shimin, Emperor of China (b. 599)
- 1099 – El Cid, of Castile (b. 1044)
- 1103 – King Eric I of Denmark
- 1290 – King Ladislaus IV of Hungary (b. 1262)
- 1460 – Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, English military leader (b. 1402)
- 1480 – King René I of Naples (b. 1410)
- 1559 – King Henry II of France (b. 1519)
- 1584 – William I of Orange (b. 1533)
- 1590 – Archduke Charles II of Austria (b. 1540)
- 1594 – Paolo Bellasio, Italian composer (b. 1554)
- 1621 – Karel Bonaventura Buquoy, French soldier (b. 1571)
- 1653 – Gabriel Naudé, French librarian and scholar (b. 1600)
- 1680 – Louis Moréri, French encyclopedist (b. 1643)
- 1683 – François-Eudes de Mézeray, French historian (b. 1610)
- 1686 – John Fell, English churchman (b. 1625)
- 1776 – Richard Peters, English-born clergyman (b. 1704)
- 1806 – George Stubbs, British painter (b. 1724)
- 1848 – Karoline Jagemann, German actor (b. 1777)
- 1851 – Louis-Jacques Daguerre, French inventor and photographer (b. 1787)
- 1881 – Georg Hermann Nicolai, German architect (b. 1812)
- 1884 – Paul Morphy, American chess player (b. 1837)
- 1908 – Phoebe Knapp, American hymn writer (b. 1839)
- 1920 – Jackie Fisher, British admiral (b. 1841)
- 1941 – Jelly Roll Morton, American musician (b. 1890)
- 1954 – Calogero Vizzini, Sicilian mafioso (b. 1877)
- 1956 – Joe Giard, American baseball player (b. 1898)
- 1963 – Teddy Wakelam, English sports broadcaster and rugby union player (b. 1893)
- 1970 – Bjarni Benediktsson, Icelandic foreign and later prime minister (b. 1908)
- 1971 – Laurent Dauthuille, French boxer (b. 1924)
- 1972 – Lovie Austin, American jazz pianist (b. 1887)
- 1978 – John D Rockefeller III, American businessman (b. 1906)
- 1978 – Joe Davis, English snooker player (b. 1901)
- 1979 – Arthur Fiedler, American conductor (b. 1894)
- 1980 – Joseph Krumgold, American writer (b. 1908)
- 1981 – Ken Rex McElroy, American hog rustler (b. 1936)
- 1987 – John H. Hammond, American record producer (b. 1910)
- 1989 – Mel Blanc, American voice actor (b. 1908)
- 1993 – Sam Rolfe, American screenwriter (b. 1924)
- 2000 – Vakkom Majeed, Indian Freedom fighter, Travancore-Cochin Legislative member (b. 1909)
- 2000 – Justin Pierce, English-American actor and skateboarder (b. 1975)
- 2002 – Jean-Pierre Côté, French Canadian politician and Lieutenant Governor of Quebec (b. 1926)
- 2003 – Winston Graham, English writer (b. 1908)
- 2003 – Hartley Shawcross, British prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials (b. 1902)
- 2003 – Bishnu Maden, Nepalese politician
- 2005 – A.J. Quinnell, English writer (b. 1940)
- 2005 – Freda Wright-Sorce, American radio performer (b. 1955)
- 2005 – Freddy Soto, American comedian and actor (b. 1970)
- 2005 – Jimmy Franklin and Bobby Younkin, airshow performers
- 2006 – Shamil Basayev, Chechen rebel (b. 1965)
- 2007 – Abdul Rashid Ghazi, radical Pakistani cleric (b. 1951)
- 2007 – Doug Marlette, American cartoonist (b. 1949)
- 2007 – Zheng Xiaoyu, director of the State Food and Drug Administration of the People's Republic of China (b. 1944)
- 2008 – Hiroaki Aoki, founder of Benihana (b. 1938)
- 2008 – Mike Souchak, professional golfer (b. 1927)
Holidays and observances
- Bahamas – Independence Day.
- Silence Day – celebrated by followers of Meher Baba.
- Mauritania – Armed Forces Day.
- Ancient Latvia – Septinu Bralu Diena observed.
- Saint Kanute IV, King of Denmark, martyr
- Translation of Saint Maclovius, bishop of Saint-Malo, confessor
- The Seven Brothers (Januarius, Felix, Philip, Silvanus, Alexander, Vitalis, and Martialis), martyrs
- Saint Amalberga, virgin (d. 690)
- Saint Felicitas of Rome, martyr
- Saints Rufina and Secunda, martyrs
External links
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