Gainas

Gainas was an ambitious Gothic leader who served the Eastern Roman Empire during the reigns of Theodosius I and Arcadius.

Gainas began his military career as a common foot-soldier, but later commanded the barbarian contingent of Theodosius' army against the usurper Eugenius in 394. In 395, he combined his forces with those of Stilicho and Eutropius to bring about the fall of Rufinus.

In 399 he replaced the Magister Militum Leo after the latter failed to put down invasions led by Ostrogothic chieftain Tribigild. Gainas too failed to put down the invasions, although he blamed his failure on Eastern Roman Emperor Arcadius' palace chamberlain (cubicularius) Eutropius. Gainas then proceeded to install his forces in Constantinople where he ruled for several months. He attempted in effect to copy the success of Stilicho in the West and posed a danger to the survival of the Roman Empire. He deposed all the anti-Goth officials and had Eutropius executed, though after the intervention of St. John Chrysostom the others were spared.^[1]

While a somewhat competent military commander, Gainas was patently unable to control the largest inhabited city of his time whose Graeco-Roman populace intensely resented barbarian Goths. Gainas' compromises with Tribigild led to rumors that he had colluded with his fellow Goth and, when he returned to Constantinople in 400, riots broke out. He attempted to evacute his soldiers but even then the citizens of Constantinople managed to trap and kill 7,000 armed Goths, spurred to action by the Empress Aelia Eudoxia. ^[1]

In response, Gainas and his forces attempted to flee back across the Hellespont, but their rag-tag fleet was met and destroyed by a Goth in Imperial service, Fravitta. Fravitta was later accused of treason and executed as well. After this battle, Gainas fled across the Danube and was caught by the Huns under Uldin. Gainas was killed and his head was sent by Uldin to Arcadius ca. 400 as a diplomatic gift.^[1]

Gainas' usurpation is the subject of the Egyptian Tale and the speech On Imperial Rule by Synesius of Cyrene who represented the anti-barbarian faction of the nobility.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Friell, J. G. P.; Williams, Stephen Joseph (1999). The Rome that did not fall: the survival of the East in the fifth century. New York: Routledge. pp. 11-12. ISBN 0-415-15403-0.

Sources

Zosimus Book V [1]
Socrates of Constantinople Book VI [2]
Sozomen Book VIII [3]
Theodoret Book V [4]
Alan Cameron and Jacqueline Long, Barbarian and Politics at the Court of Arcadius, Berkeley et Los Angeles, 1993.
Alexander Kazhdan (éd.), The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, 3 vols., Oxford University Press, 1991 (ISBN 0-19-504652-8)
(fr) André Piganiol, L'Empire chrétien, PUF, Paris, 1972.

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