England in the Middle Ages

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By chronology Prehistoric Bronze Age Britain British Iron Age Prehistoric Scotland Prehistoric Wales Roman Britain Sub-Roman Britain Anglo-Saxon England England in the High Middle Ages England in the Late Middle Ages Medieval Scotland Scotland in the Early Middle Ages Scotland in the High Middle Ages Scotland in the Late Middle Ages Medieval Wales Roman Wales Norman invasion of Wales Wales in the Late Middle Ages Medieval Ireland Early Ireland Early-Medieval Ireland Gaelic Norman Modern Ireland Ireland 1691–1801 Early-modern: Britain, Ireland By country History of England History of Ireland History of Ireland (1801–1922) History of Northern Ireland History of the Republic of Ireland Irish Free State History of Scotland History of Wales History of Guernsey History of the Isle of Man History of Jersey History of the Orkney Islands By topic Settlement of Great Britain and Ireland History of English society Maritime history of the United Kingdom

England during the Middle Ages (from the 5th century withdrawal of Roman forces from the province of Britannia and the Germanic invasions, until the late Anglo-Saxon period) was fragmented into a number of independent kingdoms. By the High Middle Ages, after the end of the Viking Age and the Norman Conquest, the kingdom of England comes to rule much of the area previously ruled by the Romans; the territory of Roman Britain that did not fall under English rule was held by the kingdoms of Wales and the Kingdom of Scotland.

The medieval period in England can be dated from the arrival in Kent of Anglo-Saxon troops led by the legendary Hengest and Horsa. Subsequently those Brythonic Celtic kingdoms whose territories lay within the area of modern England were conquered by Jutes, Angles and Saxons Germanic tribes, from the contemporary Angeln and Jutland areas of northern Germany and mainland Denmark. Political takeover of other areas of England proceeded piecemeal and was not completed until the tenth century.

Similarly, the end of the medieval period is usually dated by the rise of what is often referred to as the "English Renaissance" in the reign of Henry VIII of England, and the Reformation in Scotland, or else to the establishment of a centralized, bureaucratic monarchy by Henry VII of England. From a political point of view, the Norman Conquest of England divides medieval Britain in two distinct phases of cultural and political history. From a linguistic point of view the Norman Conquest had only a limited effect, Old English evolving into Middle English, although the Anglo Norman language would remain the language of those that ruled for two centuries at least, before mingling with Middle English.

At the height of pre-Norman medieval English power, a single English king ruled from the border with Scotland to the border with Wales to the border with Cornwall. After the Norman Conquest, English power intruded into Wales with increasing vigour. Southern England, due to its proximity to Normandy, Flanders and Brittany, had closer relations with them than the other regions.

Contents 1 Periodisation 2 List of states 2.1 Early Middle Ages 2.1.1 Anglo-Saxon states 2.1.2 Celtic kingdoms 2.1.3 Viking Age 2.2 High Middle Ages 2.3 Late Middle Ages 3 See also

Periodisation

• Sub-Roman Britain (5th to 6th centuries)
• Early Middle Ages (7th to 11th centuries): England, Scotland, Wales
  • Anglo-Saxon England
  • Viking Age
• High Middle Ages (11th to 15th centuries): England
  • Norman rule (1066-1154)
  • House of Plantagenet (1154–1485)
• Late Middle Ages (14th and 15th centuries): England
  • House of Lancaster (1399–1471)
  • House of York (1461–1485)
• Transition to Early Modern Britain
  • House of Tudor (1485–1603)
    • Elizabethan era 1558-1603
  • House of Stuart (1371-1707)

List of states

Early Middle Ages

Anglo-Saxon states

See: Heptarchy

Celtic kingdoms

The territories of the following early Brythonic kingdoms were absorbed into Anglo-Saxon and early medieval England:

Viking Age

High Middle Ages

post-1066 states

• Norman England (1066-1154)
• House of Plantagenet (1154–1485)

Late Middle Ages

• House of Lancaster (1399–1471)
• House of York (1461–1485)
• House of Tudor (1485–1603)
• House of Stuart (1371-1707)

See also

• Groans of the Britons
• Celtic Christianity
• Anglo-Norman
• English historians in the Middle Ages Important English historians and historical works from the Middle Ages.
• List of English chronicles
• History of Anglo-Saxon England—England between the 5th century and the Norman Conquest.
• History of England
• Scotland in the High Middle Ages
• Scotland in the Late Middle Ages
• History of Scotland
• History of Wales
• Medieval France

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