Books of the Bible
Books of the Bible are listed differently in the canons of Jews, and Catholic, Protestant, Greek Orthodox, Slavonic Orthodox, Georgian, Armenian Apostolic, Syriac and Ethiopian Churches, although there is substantial overlap. A table comparing the canons of some of these denominations appears below, for both the Old Testament and the New Testament. For a detailed discussion of the differences, see "Biblical canon."
The Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Eastern Catholic churches may have minor differences in their lists of accepted books. The list given here for these churches is the most inclusive: if at least one Eastern church accepts the book, it is included here. The books included by the Roman Catholic Church are universally included in the Eastern canons.
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Tanakh or Old Testament
A table cell with an asterisk (*) indicates that a book is present but in a different order. Empty cells indicate that a book is absent from that canon; such books are often called apocrypha, a term that is sometimes used specifically (and possibly pejoratively) to describe the books in the Catholic and Orthodox canon that are absent from the Protestant Bible; Catholic Christians describe these books as deuterocanonical, meaning 'of the second canon, while Orthodox Christian call them the traditional name of anagignoskomena, meaning 'that which is to be read'.
Note that this table uses the spellings of the Douay-Rheims Bible in describing the Catholic biblical canon. More recent Catholic translations use similar or identical spellings (e.g. 1 Chronicles) as Protestant Bibles in those books which are jointly considered canonical.
New Testament
In general, among Christian groups the New Testament canon is agreed-upon, although book order can vary.
The Ethiopian Orthodox Church has a few additional books in its canon: Jubilees, Book of Enoch, 4 Baruch along with three books of Meqabyan that are unique to their canon.
The Peshitta excludes 2-3 John, 2 Peter, Jude, and Revelation, but Bibles of the modern Syriac Orthodox Church include later translations of those books along with the Letter of Baruch (sometimes included as part of 2 Baruch). Still today the official lectionary followed by the Syrian Orthodox Church (with headquarters at Kottayam (Kerala), and the Chaldean Syriac Church, also known as the Church of the East (Nestorian), with headquarters at Trichur (Kerala)) presents lessons from only the twenty-two books of Peshitta, the version to which appeal is made for the settlement of doctrinal questions.
The Third Epistle to the Corinthians and the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs were once considered part of the Armenian Orthodox Bible, but are no longer printed with modern editions.
Chart Notes
- ^ a b c d These four works were questioned or "spoken against" (Antilegomena) by Martin Luther, but he did not leave them out of his New Testament, nor has any Lutheran body since.
Anglican Apocrypha
These are the Apocrypha as defined by the Thirty-nine Articles of Anglicanism. The apocryphal Books are listed in the order of the Vulgate.
- 3 Esdras
- 4 Esdras
- Tobit
- Judith
- The Rest of Esther
- The Wisdom of Solomon
- Ecclesiasticus (Sirach)
- Baruch, with the Letter of Jeremiah
- The Song of the Three Young Men with the Prayer of Azariah
- The Story of Susanna
- Bel and the Dragon
- The Prayer of Manasseh
- 1 Maccabees
- 2 Maccabees
See also
- Bible
- Table of books of Judeo-Christian Scripture
- Apocrypha
- Deuterocanonical books
- Non-canonical books referenced in the Bible
- Bible citation
- Biblical canon
- Judaism
- Christianity
- Major prophets
- Minor prophets
- Authors of the Bible
- Antilegomena
Notes
Return links: Tanakh or Old Testament — New Testament
- ^ a b c d e f Names in brackets are the Septuagint names and are often used by the Orthodox Christians.
- ^ a b Some Eastern Orthodox churches follow the Septuagint and the Hebrew bibles by considering the books of Ezra and Nehemiah as one book.
- ^ a b c The Catholic and Orthodox Book of Esther includes 103 verses not in the Protestant Book of Esther.
- ^ a b c d The Latin Vulgate, Douay-Rheims, and Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition place First and Second Maccabees after Malachi; other Catholic translations place them after Esther.
- ^ a b Eastern Orthodox churches include Psalm 151, not present in all canons.
- ^ The Book of Odes includes the Prayer of Manasseh. This book is not present in the Catholic or Protestant Old Testaments.
- ^ a b New English Translation of the Septuagint
- ^ a b c In Catholic Bibles, Baruch includes a sixth chapter called the Letter of Jeremiah. Baruch is not in the Protestant Bible or the Tanakh.
- ^ Britannica 1911
- ^ Eastern Orthodox Bibles have the books of Baruch and the Letter of Jeremiah separate.
- ^ a b c In Catholic and Orthodox Bibles, Daniel includes three sections not included in Protestant Bibles. The Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children are included between Daniel 3:23-24. Susanna is included as Daniel 13. Bel and the Dragon is included as Daniel 14. These are not in the Protestant Old Testament.
- ^ These books are found among the historical and wisdom books of the Christian canons.
- ^ Most scholars consider the Gospel of Matthew to have been written in Koine Greek, though some experts maintain the view that it was originally composed in Aramaic or Hebrew. See Wikipedia's Gospel of Matthew and New Testament articles.
- ^ Contemporary scholars believe the Hebrews to have been written in Greek, though a minority believe it was originally written in Hebrew, then translated into Greek by Luke. See Wikipedia's New Testament article.
External links
- Old Testament Reading Room & New Testament Reading Room: Extensive online resources for biblical studies (Tyndale Seminary)
- Inspirational Bible Quotes
- The Canon of Scripture – a Catholic perspective
- Table of Tanakh Books - includes Latin, English, Hebrew and abbreviated names (from Tel Aviv University).
- Judaica Press Translation - Online Jewish translation of the books of the Bible. The Tanakh and Rashi's entire commentary.
- (Church Slavic) Slavonic Bible
- Books of the Apocrypha (from the UMC)
- Western Armenian Bible (an essay, with full official canon at the end)
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