1675
Year 1675 (MDCLXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar).
Events of 1675
January – June
- January 5 – Franco-Dutch War – Battle of Turckheim: In Turckheim, Alsace, France, the French defeat Austria and Brandenburg.
- January 29 – John Sassamon, an English-educated Native American Christian, dies at Assawampsett Pond, an event which will trigger a year-long war between English American colonists of New England and Algonquin Native American tribes.
- June 8 – John Sassamon's alleged murderers are executed at Plymouth.
- June 11 – Armed Wampanoags are reported traveling around Swansea, Massachusetts.
- June 14-June 25 – Colonial authorities of Rhode Island, Plymouth, and Massachusetts attempt a negotiation with Metacomet (King Philip), leader of the Wampanoags, and seek guarantees of fidelity from the Nipmuck and Narragansett tribes.
- June 24 – King Philip's War breaks out as the Wampanoags attack Swansea.
- June 26 – Massachusetts troops march to Swansea to join the Plymouth troops.
- June 26 – June 29 – Wampanoags assault Rehoboth and Taunton; the natives elude colonial troops and leave Mount Hope for Pocasset, Massachusetts. The Mohegan tribe travels to Boston in order to side with the English colonists against the Wampanoags.
- June 28 – Battle of Fehrbellin: Brandenburg defeats the Swedes.
July – December
- July 15 – The Narragansett tribe signs a peace treaty with Connecticut.
- July 16 – July 24 – An envoy from Massachusetts attempts to negotiate with the Nipmuck tribe.
- August 2 – August 4 – The Nipmucks attack Massachusetts troops and besiege Brookfield, Massachusetts.
- August 10 – King Charles II of England places the foundation stone of the Royal Greenwich Observatory in London; construction begins.
- August 13 – The Massachusetts Council orders that Christian Indians are to be confined to designated praying towns.
- September 1 – September 2 – While Wampanoags and Nipmucks attack Deerfield, Massachusetts, Captain Samuel Moseley commands Massachusetts troops in an attack on the Pennacook tribe.
- September 12 – English colonists abandon Deerfield, Squakeag, and Brookfield due to a coalition of Indian attacks.
- September 18 – The Narragansetts sign a treaty with the English in Boston; meanwhile, Massachusetts troops are ambushed near Northampton, Massachusetts.
- October 5 – The Pocomtuc tribe attacks and destroys Springfield, Massachusetts.
- October 13 – The Massachusetts Council convenes and agrees that all Christian Indians should be ordered to move to Deer Island.
- November 2 – November 12 – Commissioners of the Thirteen Colonies organize a united force to attack the Narragansett tribe.
- November 11 – Guru Gobind Singh becomes the tenth Guru of the Sikhs.
- November 11 – Gottfried Leibniz uses infinitesimal calculus on a function.
- November 11 – Guru Teg Bahadur, the ninth prophet of the Sikhs, is executed by Mughal rulers. He prefers execution to defend the right of Hindus to practice their own religion.
- December 19 – United colonial forces attack the Narragansetts at the Great Swamp Fight.
Undated
Births
- January 16 – Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon, French writer (d. 1755)
- February 21 – Franz Xaver Josef von Unertl, Bavarian politician (d. 1750)
- February 28 – Guillaume Delisle, French cartographer (d. 1726)
- March 31 – Pope Benedict XIV (d. 1758)
- May 29 – Humphry Ditton, English mathematician (d. 1715)
- June 1 – Francesco Scipione, marchese di Maffei, Italian archaeologist (d. 1755)
- July 5 – Mary Walcott, American accuser at the Salem witch trials
- July 12 – Evaristo Abaco, Italian composer (d. 1742)
- July 14 – Claude Alexandre de Bonneval, French soldier (d. 1747)
- September 2 – William Somervile, English poet (d. 1742)
- September 3 – Paul Dudley, Attorney-General of Massachusetts (d. 1751)
- October 11 – Samuel Clarke, English philosopher (d. 1729)
- October 21 – Emperor Higashiyama of Japan (d. 1710)
- October 24 – Richard Temple, 1st Viscount Cobham, English soldier and politician (d. 1749)
Deaths
- February 9 – Gerhard Douw, Dutch painter (b. 1613)
- March 18 – Arthur Chichester, 1st Earl of Donegall, Irish soldier (b. 1606)
- April 12 – Richard Bennett, British Colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1609)
- May 18 – Stanisław Lubieniecki, Polish Socinian theologist (b. 1623)
- May 18 – Father Jacques Marquette, French missionary and explorer (b. 1636)
- May 27 – Gaspard Dughet, French painter (b. 1613)
- June 12 – Charles Emmanuel II of Savoy (b. 1634)
- July 27 – Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, Marshal of France (b. 1611)
- July 28 – Bulstrode Whitelocke, English lawyer (b. 1605)
- September 18 – Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1604)
- September 23 – Valentin Conrart, founder of the Académie Française (b. 1603)
- October 26 – William Sprague, English co-founder of Charlestown, Massachusetts (b. 1609)
- October 27 – Gilles de Roberval, French mathematician (b. 1602)
- November 1 – Guru Tegh Bahadur, 9th Sikh Guru (b. 1621)
- November 28 – Basil Feilding, 2nd Earl of Denbigh, English Civil War soldier
- November 28 – Leonard Hoar, American President of Harvard University (b. 1630)
- November 30 – Cæcilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, colonial Governor of Maryland (b. 1605)
- December 6 – John Lightfoot, English church goer (b. 1602)
- December 15 – Johannes Vermeer, Dutch painter (b. 1632)
- December 23 – Caesar, duc de Choiseul, French marshal and diplomat (b. 1602)
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